About the Report

The special report, titled Post-Processing of AM and 3D-Printed Parts, provides a broad range of methods and techniques for finishing parts made by additive manufacturing (AM), also referred to as 3D printing. Most parts made by AM require some form of post-processing.

Organizations involved with AM have vast amounts of post-processing knowledge and experience, yet little systematic documentation is available. This has led to countless companies “reinventing the wheel” and spending time and money unnecessarily to complete jobs. This report has detailed information on methods of post-processing for most types of AM parts. The 43-page publication is available in digital form.

Post-Processing of AM and 3D-Printed Parts report includes six tables and 81 images and illustrations. It was created by a team of experts at Wohlers Associates—same group that produced Wohlers Report 2021, the undisputed, industry-leading report on AM for 26 years.

Table of Contents

PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO POST-PROCESSING

• Design for AM

• Joining AM parts

PART 2: POLYMER SUPPORT MATERIAL REMOVAL

• Material Extrusion

• Single material system


• Break-away support material


• Soluble support

• Vat photopolymerization


• Material jetting


• Powder bed fusion

PART 3: METAL SUPPORT MATERIAL REMOVAL

• Powder removal

• Laser powder bed fusion


• Electron beam melting


• Metal binder jetting


• Manual removal


• Wire EDM removal


• Electrochemical removal


• Metal material extrusion

• Part removal from build plate


• Support material removal

PART 4: SURFACE FINISHING

• Abrasive flow machining


• Anodizing


• Machining and grinding


• Media blasting


• Passivating and phosphating


• Plasma and ion-beam cleaning


• Plasma spraying


• Shot peening

• Strengthening gypsum parts


• Strengthening MEX parts


• Hiding layer lines with textures


• Vapor smoothing

• Manual vapor smoothing


• Automated vapor smoothing


• High-speed centrifugal barrel finishing

• Vibratory polishing

PART 5: COLORING AND COATING

• Dyeing


• Painting and clear coating


• Hydrographics


• Wrapping


• Metalizing polymer parts


• Electroplating


• Physical vapor deposition

PART 6: HEAT TREATMENT

• Residual stress relief


• Annealing


• Case hardening


• Gas nitriding


• Precipitation hardening


• Hot isostatic pressing


• Sintering

PART 7: SUMMARY

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